Which term describes a situation where one variable predicts the outcome of another variable?

The term that describes a situation where one variable predicts the outcome of another variable is regression. Regression analysis is a statistical method that allows researchers to understand the relationship between a dependent variable (the outcome) and one or more independent variables (the predictors). It estimates how much the dependent variable is expected to change when one of the independent variables varies, holding other variables constant.

In practical terms, regression is used in various fields, including healthcare, to predict outcomes such as patient responses to treatments based on different predictor variables like age, weight, and other health indicators. This predictive capability makes regression uniquely suited for scenarios focused on forecasting outcomes based on varying inputs.

Correlation, on the other hand, measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables but does not imply that one variable predicts or causes changes in the other. Causation indicates that one variable directly influences another, but just showing a relationship doesn't establish direct influence. Association is a broader term that includes any type of relationship between variables, whether predictive, correlational, or causal, but does not explicitly denote a predictive capability. Thus, regression specifically highlights the predictive aspect of relationships between variables, making it the correct choice in this context.